POLARIS is the world's most powerful all-diode-pumped solid-state laser system that produces the world's highest performing laser pulses. A research group led by Malte Kaluza, professor at the Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics at Jena University in Germany, has greatly enhanced the performance of POLARIS through research. It is also the first time that a laser can generate pulses of up to 50 Joules, up to three times more than in the past.

A joule of 50 joules corresponds to the energy required to lift an object weighing about 500 grams off the ground, while the energy required to raise the temperature of a glass a single time is 17 times greater. For high-performance laser systems such as POLARIS, 50 joules seem minimal. Professor Kaluza said: "But our laser system produces 50 joules in very little time." The laser pulse lasts for 120 femtoseconds.

Jena University researchers through a few months of research and development to make the laser system to achieve the above performance.

POLARIS recently used the largest power amplifier using ytterbium-doped calcium fluoride crystals. Optical coating materials formed by laser radiation pressure have also been further optimized. Kaluza explains: "With all of these improvements, we were able to achieve much higher laser energy than ever before." But the laser physicist said 54.16 Joules is just the beginning.

As for the next phase of development, Kaluza plans to shorten the duration of laser pulses fired by the POLARIS system to less than 100 femtoseconds. Reducing the duration is not the end goal. Kaluza said: "We are not looking for a breakthrough." Instead, the purpose of the study is to find a particular use. First, lasers are a tool used to speed up particles. "We have done the first experiments in this area to achieve lower pulse energies and longer pulses, and for now we are pleased to see the combination of the particle energy with higher laser energy and shorter laser pulses."

For example, intense high-energy ionizing radiation can be used for oncology treatments. So far, a very large technical effort has been required to produce such energetic particles. Professor Kaluza said: "Given the laser pulse energies we are able to generate today, we are able to deliver particle radiation through a laser system like POLARIS, which is also relatively easy to handle and manage."

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