Laser processing reasonable operating parameters
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(1) Control of aperture size Using a laser with a small divergence angle (0.001 to 0.003 rad), the focal length can be shortened or the output energy can be reduced to obtain a small aperture. For high melting point. The material with good thermal conductivity can realize the processing of tiny holes with a hole diameter of 0.01 to 1mm. The minimum hole diameter can reach 0.001mm.
(2) The depth control of the hole improves the output energy of the laser, uses a reasonable pulse width (the better the material and thermal conductivity, the shorter the pulse width should be), and the application of the fundamental mode (single mode with a Gaussian distribution) Large hole depth. For a hole with a small aperture, it is preferable to use a laser to irradiate multiple times and use a short focal length (15 to 30mm) objective lens to make a hole.
(3) Improve the roundness of the laser processing hole The laser mode uses the basic mode processing, the axicon objective lens for the focusing lens, and the optical axis of the lens coincides with the optical axis of the laser beam, the workpiece is suitable for deviating from the focus point, and the appropriate laser energy can be selected and improved. Roundness of processing.
(4) Reducing the taper of punching Usually, the taper of a hole increases with the increase of its aperture ratio, and it is irradiated with appropriate laser output energy or small energy multiple times, a short focal length, a small lens refractive index, and reduced incident light and light. Measures such as the angle between the shafts can reduce the taper of the hole.
(5) Practical parameters for laser perforation of hard and brittle materials Holes of ruby ​​and diamond are punched with a yag laser processing machine. When the aperture is 0.05 mm, the energy of a pulsed laser is 0.05 to 1 j, and the pulse per second is about 20; processing si3b4, sic and al2o3 ceramics, when the aperture is 0.25 ~ 1.5mm, the use of a single pulse of laser energy in the 5 ~ 8j, the number of pulses per second is 5 ~ 10, the pulse width of 0.63ms, auxiliary gas Use air or n2.
2. Reasonable working parameters of laser cutting
In addition to fine cutting such as cutting silicon wafers available yag solid laser, laser cutting commonly used co2 laser, its operating parameters are mainly cutting speed, slit width and cutting thickness.
(1) Laser cutting speed It increases with the laser power and the jet pressure, and decreases with the thickness of the cut material. The speed of cutting 6mm thickness carbon steel plate reaches 2.5m/min, while the thickness of 12mm steel plate is only 0.8m/min. Cut 15.6mm thick plywood to 4.5m/min, cutting 35mm thick acrylate plate speed up to 27m/min.
(2) The width of the kerf is generally about 0.5mm. It is related to the nature and thickness of the material to be cut, the size of the laser power, the focal length and focus position, the diameter of the laser beam, the pressure of the gas injected and the flow rate, etc. The effect of hole diameter is similar. Cutting accuracy can reach ± ​​0.02 ~ 0.01mm.
(3) Cutting thickness It mainly depends on the laser output power. When cutting carbon steel, the limit cutting thickness of a 1kw class laser is 9mm, 12k for 1.5kw class and 19mm for 2.5kw class; the maximum cutting thickness for 2.5kw class cutting stainless steel is 15mm. For the thick plate cutting, a high-power laser with 3kw or more is required.
(4) Auxiliary gas improves cutting efficiency and notch quality Since the laser surface reflectivity of the metal can be as high as 95%, the laser energy cannot be efficiently injected into the metal surface. Injecting oxygen or compressed air can promote the oxidation of the metal surface and increase the absorption rate of the laser to improve the cutting efficiency. Increasing the blowing oxygen pressure also reduces the kerf, and when cutting quartz, blowing oxygen prevents rebonding. When cutting flammable materials, inert gas can be sprayed to prevent burning. Combustible materials with metal interlayers should be cut. Compressed air should be used.
When the blowing pressure does not exceed a certain value, increasing the pressure increases the cutting thickness.
For plastics, fibers, wood, fabrics, etc., which have a low melting point, a low decomposition point, and poor thermal conductivity, a long focal length tantalum lens is generally used to focus the laser beam.