Surge protection device (SurgeprotectionDevice) is an indispensable device for lightning protection of electronic equipment. The function of the surge protector is to limit the instantaneous overvoltage that enters the power line and signal transmission line to the voltage range that the device or system can withstand, or to discharge strong lightning current into the ground to protect the protected device or system from being affected. Damaged by impact.
Surge protector lightning protection signal transmission
Surge protection device (SurgeprotectionDevice) is an indispensable device for lightning protection of electronic equipment. In the past, it was often referred to as "arrester" or "overvoltage protector" and was abbreviated as SPD in English. The function of the surge protector is to limit the instantaneous overvoltage that enters the power line and signal transmission line to the voltage range that the device or system can withstand, or to discharge strong lightning current into the ground to protect the protected device or system from being affected. Damaged by impact.
Surge protectors vary in type and structure for different applications, but they should include a non-linear voltage limiting element. The basic components used for surge protectors are: discharge gaps, gas discharge tubes, varistors, suppression diodes, and choke coils.
First, SPD classification:
1. According to the principle of work:
(1) Switch type: Its working principle is that it exhibits high impedance when there is no instantaneous overvoltage, but once it responds to lightning overvoltage, its impedance mutates to a low value, allowing the lightning current to pass through. Devices used for such devices include: discharge gaps, gas discharge tubes, thyristors, etc.
(2) Limiting voltage type: Its working principle is that when there is no instantaneous overvoltage, it is high-impedance, but with increasing surge current and voltage, its impedance will continuously decrease, and its current and voltage characteristics are strongly nonlinear. Devices used for such devices include: zinc oxide, varistors, suppression diodes, avalanche diodes, and the like.
(3) Shunt type or turbulent type
Shunt type: In parallel with the protected device, it exhibits low impedance for lightning pulses and high impedance for normal operating frequency.
Turbulence: In series with a protected device, it exhibits a high impedance for lightning pulses and a low impedance for normal operating frequencies.
Devices used for such devices include: choke coils, high-pass filters, low-pass filters, quarter-wave short-circuiters, and the like.
Hydraulic Separator
A hydraulic separator is a device used in heating and cooling systems to separate the primary circuit from the secondary circuit. It is typically used in systems that have multiple heat sources or multiple heating zones.
The primary circuit is the part of the system that contains the heat source, such as a boiler or heat pump. The secondary circuit is the part of the system that distributes the heat to different zones, such as radiators or underfloor heating.
The hydraulic separator helps to prevent the mixing of water between the primary and secondary circuits. It creates a buffer between the two circuits, allowing for efficient heat transfer and preventing any potential damage to the heat source.
The hydraulic separator typically consists of a vessel with multiple ports. The primary circuit is connected to one side of the separator, while the secondary circuit is connected to the other side. Inside the separator, there are baffles or other devices that help to create a hydraulic barrier between the two circuits.
By using a hydraulic separator, the flow rate and pressure in each circuit can be independently controlled, allowing for optimal performance and energy efficiency. It also helps to eliminate the need for additional pumps or valves, as the separator itself provides the necessary hydraulic separation.
Overall, a hydraulic separator is an important component in heating and cooling systems, helping to ensure efficient and reliable operation.