The first open control architecture ensures water supply security
PTA Powder
Main application:Repair and
strengthen workpiece surface, significantly
Welding method:PTA welding
Main equipment:PTA welding
machine
Flame core temperature: about 10000℃
Technological characteristics:PTA has high
temperature, concentrated energy, stable combustion, small heat affected zone,
fast welding speed, high production efficiency, easy to obtain low dilution
rate of surfacing layer, surfacing layer and workpiece matrix are metallurgical
bonding,, bonding strength is high.
PTA welding technology is one of surface
strengthening methods, which has high deposition rate, low dilution rate, and
could be applied with many kinds of powder. The manufacturing craft of PTA
powder is normally gas atomization, which reduces satellite of powder. We
supply 4 main categories of PTA powder: Nickel-based alloy powder, Iron-based
alloy powder, Cobalt-based alloy powder and Mixed Powder.
Nickel Based Alloy Powder possesses high
temperature resistance and wear resistance, it is the most popular alloy powder
applied by PTA welding both domestically and internationally. Coating hardness
is within the range of HRC 30-60. It could be applied to various industries
like agriculture, plastic, paper, marine and steel making where wear and
corrosion protection needed. Some examples are plunger, moulds, pump leaf and
screw.
Iron Based Alloy Powder is more widely used
and a more economic choice. With high abrasive resistance, it is more commonly
applied to mining tools, drilling tools and mixers of iron and steel making
industry, coal industry, shaft, oil and energy industry.
Cobalt Based Alloy Powder is recommended
for corrosion and oxidation resistance, with better hot hardness values than
equivalent Nickel based alloy powder. It is widely applied to steel making
industry, coal industry and mining industry.
Mixed powder mainly refers to NiCrBSi
mixing with other hard-phase powder such as cast tungsten carbide and other cemented
alloy powder, which allows the powder better hardness around HRC60 and
excellent abrasion resistance.
Mixed powder is more often used for mining
equipment for oil sands, lignite, oil drilling tools, excavator buckets,
extrusion screws for plastic processing, grain and oil processing, etc.
PTA Powder,Iron Based Alloy Powder,Cobalt Based Alloy Powder,Nickel Based Alloy Powder Luoyang Golden Egret Geotools Co., Ltd , https://www.xtchvof.com
The AEG control system at the Konstanz Water Works has been put into operation since 1989 and its old weaknesses have begun to show. This disadvantage has already become obvious. In the long run, the supply of spare parts for the system cannot be guaranteed at all. The project to implement the new system has been started to achieve the control and monitoring of all equipment in the waterworks. Fully automatic operation is inevitable, and if the water supply security cannot be improved, at least it must maintain its present level. Wolfgang Fettke, business unit manager at the Konstanz Water Works, and the technical team led by Wolfgang Treib found a state-of-the-art solution. "Our decision to use the Beckhoff system has brought us great value," Wolfgang Treib said. Our initial goal was not to have the convenience of production data monitoring and documentation as a result of new control technologies. For those responsible for this project, the openness of the system is important. The following instructions were issued to contractor Cegelec: Hardware selection and communication protocols cannot rely on specific manufacturers.
The meticulous water treatment plant supplies 87,000 people in the city of Konstanz and the surrounding area. Up to 50,000m3 of drinking water is supplied daily. The current supply is an average of 14,000 m3 per day. As with other people, this trend is declining as the consumption of drinking water by residents of Konstanz increases. The water source is taken from a depth of 40m underground (in the stratosphere or under the thermocline). At this depth, the water source is very clean and has not been contaminated by the surface. The Konstanz Waterworks supplies water to three different elevations and the pressure of water supply varies.
The raw water was extracted from Lake Constance through a 700-m-long pipeline; the first step was water treatment, and the raw water was sent to a microfilter with a mesh width of 23 μm for water treatment. The second step is ozone sterilization. Ozone is generated directly in the water plant through the surrounding air. The third and final step is to use a sand filter, which has been upgraded to a multilayer filter in 2005. Although Lake Constance's water quality is very high, we added a small amount of iron (III) chloride to improve the filtration effect. Its amount is 200 times lower than usual.
Modular bus terminal modules replace expensive I/O cards If you only replace the factory's "smart devices," that's naturally simpler and more cost-effective. This is indeed our initial plan. This change is non-critical, and it's easier to use older CPUs. "But, because we want a trend-setting solution, every requirement points to an open system build. We found this solution in the open modular terminal module technology." Wolfgang Treib said in commenting on the specifications. “We used to think that of course still consider this to be the most economical solution,†Wolfgang Treib confirmed based on reality: “Twenty years ago, the cost of purchasing an I/O card can now buy multiple industrial PCs. , Including Bus Terminals.†Inventorying several Bus Terminals for maintenance and repair does not take up a lot of capital.
One of the key requirements of the new automation system is the inability to use patented parts and serial bus protocols. “The primary goal of the new control system type and structure is to improve equipment utilization. The decision to use the Industrial PC (IPC) system allows us to design the application more freely, and the current structure can also be connected to subsystems very easily. "Wolfgang Fettke said:" The decision to use the Beckhoff system has brought us significant benefits.
Because sensitive demand-based control technology is achieved with detailed information at many different points within the plant. This data is provided by a large number of different sensors. In addition, a measurement system providing an IP function protocol such as Modbus TCP can be simply integrated. â€
Completion of control system updates at runtime The new control system based on Beckhoff components is configured using existing processes and connected to two parallel IPCs. One of the IPCs operates as a host and the other one serves as a system redundancy. Both IPCs are equipped with dedicated process connection switches. "The key system functions run on the embedded controller," said Wolfgang Treib. If necessary, these system components can also operate autonomously to ensure system availability. odbusTCP is used to integrate the operator panel with the control system.
Conversions can take place during plant operation. The system architecture has facilitated the completion of this work: the Konstanz Waterworks has three different areas and is called the “water supply channelâ€. The area of ​​the previous step can be coordinated with the next area, for example, the filter 1 of the filter and the ozone treatment 2 are combined. This variability must be formulated into the control system. One of the three “water supply channels†can be converted to Beckhoff technology at a time, while the other two “water supply channels†are used to ensure water supply.
A total of six panel PCs are used to perform functions that require local control. The operator at the Konstanz Water Works wants to operate "as simple as possible". With a touch-screen panel PC, you can control the process and check the actual and set values. Wolfgang Treib is confident that the operator will adapt quickly to this new technology. "We have a man-machine interface, which makes it easy for users to operate first-rate local control systems.
The signal communication of the municipal service master control system is transmitted via the IEC 60870-5-104 remote control protocol. About 1,600 data points are transmitted in this way. During the conversion, each station address and the corresponding parameter set are changed one by one. According to Wolfgang Treib, adapting these data to the Beckhoff system is not a problem. "Although it takes a bit of blood, it's just a routine job."
Integrated Systems Maximize Flexibility The evolution of sensor structures has evolved for decades and is at least as interesting in water plant applications. "The sensor hasn't changed in nature," Wolfgang Treib said. Different signals, whether 0...10V, 4...20mA or digital outputs, are now “wired†in a consistent manner. The bus coupler is installed where the key process data is generated to allow the water plant to operate. Because of the flexibility of the Beckhoff Bus Terminals technology, the system achieves true integration. Since the type of the input signal is essentially independent of the bus terminal module, most signals do not need to be modified. "Only in a few cases will it be necessary to install a buffer amplifier or to duplicate the measurement signal," said Dieter Völkle, sales representative at the Beckhoff office in Bahrain, Germany. "This is more about redundancy than actual functionality." If necessary, it can be easily expanded. Open systems can accommodate additional bus devices at almost all points.
According to Wolfgang Treib, the PC-based control system has other advantages: "For example, on the weekends, staff who are on standby are no longer required to be present at any time. They can easily access the control system via the PC and check the status of the plant. For example, If the microfilter malfunctions, the system will signal that the attendant can remotely check if one of the other two microfilters has replaced the faulty microfilter and start working, so that the attendant does not need to arrive at the waterworks site. The system has reduced the number of people on standby at any time - this is something we did not expect, but we welcome it."
Operators at the Konstanz Waterworks also expect new control systems to improve energy efficiency. "Using more than 2 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year, a mere 1 percent reduction is a very good extra benefit," Wolfgang Fettke said.