Policy helps China accelerate into natural gas era
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Following the National Development and Reform Commission's adjustment of natural gas prices for non-residents on July 10, the Energy Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China launched the “Measures for the Management of Natural Gas Infrastructure Construction and Operation†in August. If the gradual rationalization of natural gas prices will further stimulate the enthusiasm of the domestic oil giants to “gasify China,†then the formulation of new infrastructure construction and operation management measures is expected to open the curtain for private capital to enter the natural gas pipeline construction market. .
The industry believes that the frequent implementation of policies at the policy level is of great significance for China's acceleration into the era of natural gas.
Natural Gas: Realistic Choice of Energy Structure Adjustment
From diesel to coal, to liquefied gas and pipeline gas, to today's natural gas, Taiyuan citizen Chen Xiuyan expressed his feelings to the media when he described the changes in his own life fuel. She said: “In the past, the entire living room could smell smoky after cooking. Now that you use natural gas, although the price is a little expensive, the kitchen is clean and safe, and health is more secure.â€
Chen Xiuyi is just one of hundreds of thousands of residents who have benefited from natural gas. As the capital of the world's famous coal province, Shanxi Taiyuan is known as the "coal capital." Residents of the “Coal Capital†bid farewell to the use of natural gas, which was considered by the media as one of the landmark events in the natural gas process in China.
In recent years, no energy products have entered our lives so fast like natural gas.
At the same time, there does not seem to be any kind of energy product that will be so difficult to refuse to change our lives like natural gas.
It is understood that the reason why natural gas has become the most favored new favorite of energy, should first be attributed to its high quality, clean and efficient features. Although coal and petroleum are both fossil energy sources, natural gas is recognized as a high-quality energy source because of its safe use, high combustion heat value, and low pollutant emissions.
The data shows that under the same energy, natural gas emits 56% of carbon dioxide and 71% of oil, and nitrogen oxides emit 20% of coal and oil. The emission of sulfur dioxide is less than that of coal and petroleum. Of the 1%, natural gas dust particle emissions are negligible. Under the current situation that there is no effective solution to the atmospheric pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels, the widespread use of natural gas to replace easily polluting fuels is of great significance for reducing atmospheric pollution and protecting the environment.
With climate change and environmental issues becoming more serious, low-carbon development has become a global consensus. The shift from high-carbon fuels to low-carbon fuels and the shift from high-polluting energy to clean energy has become the development direction of energy structure adjustment in the world. Natural gas has developed rapidly throughout the world in recent decades. Its share of world primary energy consumption has gradually increased, and the proportion of oil and coal has gradually declined. Currently, natural gas has become the world's three major energy pillars alongside petroleum and coal. According to the forecast of the International Energy Agency, the global demand for energy in the next 25 years is the fastest increase in natural gas, and natural gas is therefore also known as energy in the 21st century.
In China, the conditions for resource endowment of “rich coal and less oil and lack of gas†have formed a coal-based energy consumption structure in the past. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the social economy, oil consumption has continued to grow. This kind of energy structure, which uses high-carbon energy such as coal and oil as the main body of consumption, has caused increasing environmental pressure. Especially in recent years, atmospheric pollution has intensified. Many people are aware that the adjustment of energy consumption structure is imminent.
Examining the current situation in China, renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy has risen rapidly in recent years among low-carbon energy sources, but it is still difficult to achieve great success due to its own intermittent nature and economy, and hydropower is in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Received the honor of “priority†development, but due to watershed and ecological environment constraints, the scale and space of development are limited; although the development of nuclear power has attracted considerable attention from the industry, it has been constrained by public opinion due to the rise of the “adjacent movementâ€. Difficult to get large-scale development opportunities.
As a result, natural gas has become a realistic option for China's energy structure adjustment.
Gasifying China: The Strategic Ambition of Oil Giants
It is understood that from coal city Taiyuan to Daqing Oil City, from the prosperous cities of Beijing and Shanghai to the remote western cities of Kashgar and Lhasa, from all first-line central cities to second-tier and third-tier cities and even to counties, in China’s vast land, along with natural gas With the extension of pipelines, the proportion of urban natural gas consumption has grown rapidly.
China’s rapid advancement on the natural gas road has benefited from China’s oil industry’s first initiative to launch an energy substitution plan “gasification China†several years ago. In recent years, this plan has been actively followed up by domestic oil giants such as Sinopec and CNOOC. As a result, the development of natural gas in China is in full swing.
The first reason for exploring the rise of natural gas in China is, first of all, the rapid development of the economy and the rapid increase in energy demand.
However, compared with coal and petroleum, the existence of natural gas gas at atmospheric temperature makes it necessary for the development and use of large-scale gas to be realized through pipelines. As a result, upstream natural gas exploration and production, pipeline transportation in the middle reaches and underground storage, and downstream urban distribution are the basic business chains that make up the natural gas industry. At the same time, with the development of international trade in liquefied natural gas (LNG), the business structure of the natural gas industry has added new content, namely natural gas liquefaction, LNG ocean transport and LNG reception, storage and regasification, which constitute the LNG business chain.
As China’s largest oil and gas producer and supplier, CNPC never confesses that it is responsible for the “safeguarding of national energy securityâ€. In the exploration and development of oil and gas resources that advanced into the western region, the discovery of the Changqing Oil Field in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia and the considerable reserves of natural gas fields in the Tarim Oilfield in southern Xinjiang greatly boosted the oil ambitions of the oil central government for the development of natural gas.
According to Liao Forever, General Manager of CNPC, if on September 10, 1997, the completion of the Shanxi-Beijing pipeline opened the prelude to the long-distance pipeline construction in China, then on October 1, 2004, the West-East Gas Pipeline The completion and commissioning of the pipeline project marks the full opening of PetroChina's "Gasification China" strategy.
Since then, PetroChina’s Shaanxi, Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, and Beijing Third Lines and the Shinyinglan Double-track Pipeline have been put into operation, and the trans-boundary gas pipelines connected to foreign countries, including the Second West-East Gas Pipeline, the Third-Line, and the China-Burma Pipeline, have been fully promoted. The national natural gas pipeline network, which spans east and west, runs through the north and the south, covers the entire country, and connects overseas, has basically taken shape.
At the same time as the large-scale expansion of China National Petroleum Corporation's natural gas map, Sinopec, CNOOC and other oil giants are also following up. In particular, Sinopec's Sichuan-East Gas Transmission project and CNOOC's construction of a number of LNG projects were put into operation, which injected new impetus for the expansion of China's natural gas consumption. The private capital represented by Hebei Xin'ao Group, overseas capital represented by Hong Kong and China Gas, and local state-owned capital represented by Beijing Gas also fully participated in the construction of the downstream market, greatly accelerating the urban natural gas pipeline network. Construction pace.
With the establishment of China’s natural gas industry, which is dominated by PetroChina (with data indicating that it accounts for 80% of the country’s total natural gas production), Sinopec and CNOOC, and other central SOE giants actively follow up and participate in a wide range of social capital, especially with resources. With the intensification of contradictions with the environment and the establishment of the goal of "beautiful China", "gasification of China" has not only been widely recognized by the public, but has also become an inevitable trend of China's energy economy.
Gas Age: How Many Ways We Have to Go
Under the global trend of pursuing low-carbon development, natural gas has long been the first choice for energy consumption in most countries in the world.
According to a group of latest statistics in 2012, the total consumption of natural gas in the world accounts for 24.4% of the total primary energy consumption, and the average level in Asian countries also reaches 11%. In China, natural gas accounts for only 5% of primary energy consumption.
Based on this, Daniel Jerkin, chairman of the Cambridge Energy Research Institute in the United States, reminded: “Natural gas consumption accounts for only a small proportion in China. I don’t think the era of natural gas in China has come.â€
No one denies that natural gas is favored in many provinces and cities in China. However, at present, even in the long-term future, the dominant position of coal in China's energy consumption structure is difficult to change.
The analysis of its causes, first of all, is the lag in infrastructure construction and the formation of bottlenecks. For example, the main natural gas pipeline network is not perfect, regional transmission and distribution network is underdeveloped, and natural gas deployment and emergency response mechanisms are not perfect; the construction of gas storage capacity is seriously lagging behind. At present, the gas storage capacity of the gas storage only accounts for 1.7% of the consumption, which is far below. At an average level of 12% in the world, large and medium-sized cities with heavy gas loads are lacking in gas storage and emergency peaking facilities. LNG storage tanks have insufficient capacity, distribution is unbalanced, and pressure for gas supply safety is high.
Zhao Yujian, director of the PetroChina Pipeline Bureau, told the reporter that despite the rapid development of China's natural gas pipeline construction in recent years, the length of the pipeline is far from that of developed countries. The total length of pipelines in the United States is 700,000 kilometers, and Russia is 230,000 kilometers. By the end of 2012, China's oil and gas pipelines combined together was less than 100,000 kilometers, of which the long-distance pipeline for natural gas was only 60,000 kilometers.
Followed by a serious shortage of natural gas resources. According to the BP World Energy Statistics, the world's proven natural gas reserves stood at 187.3 trillion cubic meters by the end of 2012, of which China's proven natural gas reserves stood at 3.1 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 1.7% of the world's total. According to the world’s population of 6.5 billion, our population 13 Billion calculations, the world's per capita remaining recoverable reserves of 28,800 cubic meters, China's per capita remaining recoverable reserves of only 0.24 million cubic meters, about the world's per capita value of about 8%.
Just because of this, the National Energy Administration can not wait to imitate the United States and put the development of China's unconventional natural gas --- shale gas on the agenda. However, due to the constraints of core technologies and related standards and other factors, after two rounds of vigorous exploration and development bidding for shale gas blocks, the shale gas development boom that the originally hoped parties involved in has not yet emerged. Obviously, shale gas will become the main force of natural gas consumption. China still needs time and patience.
On the one hand, natural gas resources are insufficient and supply is tight. On the other hand, natural gas consumption has increased rapidly. In order to avoid the occurrence of “gas shortageâ€, oil giants such as CNPC have increased their import of natural gas. However, this unavoidably led to the third issue - the natural gas price system has not yet been straightened out. For a long time, the import gas price has been seriously inverted with the domestic gas price...
Just entering the second half of 2013, the news from the national policy brought many benefits to China's natural gas industry: First, on July 10, the state adjusted the natural gas prices of non-residents, and the price of natural gas portals nationwide increased by an average of 1.69 yuan per cubic meter. At the rate of 1.95 yuan per cubic meter, on August 2nd, the Measures for the Administration of Natural Gas Infrastructure Construction and Operation led by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau began to solicit opinions from the public. The most compelling one is the downstream pricing power. Openness is of great significance in encouraging the private capital to enter the natural gas pipeline construction market.
Although there are still many roads away from the “natural gas eraâ€, China’s direction and resolve to develop natural gas have never been shaken.
